The Complete Guide to Conjunctions (संयोजक) in English Grammar

Conjunction (संयोजक) – The Sentence Connector

Conjunctions are the grammatical glue that binds words, phrases, and clauses together to create coherent sentences. In Hindi, they’re called “संयोजक” because they “शब्दों और वाक्यों को जोड़ते हैं” (connect words and sentences). These small but powerful words help us express complex ideas smoothly.

Why Conjunctions Matter

 Create compound sentences (and, but, or)
 Show cause-effect relationships (because, since)
 Express conditions (if, unless)
 Indicate contrast (although, whereas)
 Make writing/speech flow naturally

---

Types of Conjunctions (संयोजक के प्रकार) with Detailed Examples

1. Coordinating Conjunctions (समानाधिकरण संयोजक)

Connect equal grammatical elements (FANBOYS):

Conjunction	Function	Example	Hindi Translation
and (और)	Addition	Tea and coffee	चाय और कॉफी
but (लेकिन)	Contrast	Poor but happy	गरीब लेकिन खुश
or (या)	Alternative	Tea or coffee?	चाय या कॉफी?
for (क्योंकि)	Reason	He left, for it was late	वह चला गया, क्योंकि देर हो चुकी थी
so (इसलिए)	Result	It rained, so we stayed	बारिश हुई, इसलिए हम रुके

Memory Trick: Remember FANBOYS – For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

2. Subordinating Conjunctions (आश्रित संयोजक)

Join dependent clauses to main clauses:

Conjunction	Function	Example	Hindi Translation
because (क्योंकि)	Cause	She cried because she fell	वह रोई क्योंकि गिर गई
if (अगर)	Condition	If you study, you’ll pass	अगर पढ़ोगे, तो पास होगे
although (हालांकि)	Contrast	Although rich, he’s humble	हालांकि अमीर, वह विनम्र है
when (जब)	Time	Call me when you arrive	जब पहुँचो, फोन करना
since (चूँकि)	Time/Reason	Since it’s raining, we’ll stay	चूँकि बारिश हो रही है, हम रुकेंगे

Key Rule: Subordinate clauses cannot stand alone as complete sentences

3. Correlative Conjunctions (सहसंबंधी संयोजक)

Work in pairs to connect balanced elements:

Pair	Example	Hindi Translation
either…or	Either tea or coffee	या तो चाय या कॉफी
neither…nor	Neither hot nor cold	ना गरम ना ठंडा
both…and	Both smart and kind	दोनों होशियार और दयालु
not only…but also	Not only sings but also dances	सिर्फ गाता नहीं बल्कि नाचता भी है

---

Conjunction Examples in Context

Coordinating Conjunctions

S.No	English Sentence	Hindi Translation
1	I like tea and biscuits.	मुझे चाय और बिस्कुट पसंद हैं।
2	She’s small but strong.	वह छोटी लेकिन मजबूत है।
3	Hurry, or we’ll be late.	जल्दी करो, वरना हमें देर हो जाएगी।

Subordinating Conjunctions

S.No	English Sentence	Hindi Translation
4	Since you’re here, help me.	चूँकि तुम यहाँ हो, मेरी मदद करो।
5	Although tired, he continued.	हालांकि थके हुए, वह चलता रहा।
6	Wait until I return.	जब तक मैं वापस न आऊँ, प्रतीक्षा करो।

Correlative Conjunctions

S.No	English Sentence	Hindi Translation
7	Either apologize or leave.	या तो माफी माँगो या जाओ।
8	She’s not only smart but also kind.	वह सिर्फ होशियार ही नहीं बल्कि दयालु भी है।
9	Neither the teacher nor students came.	ना तो शिक्षक ना छात्र आए।

---

Common Conjunction Mistakes (सामान्य गलतियाँ)

 Incorrect: Because he was late, so he missed the bus.
 Correct: Because he was late, he missed the bus.

 Incorrect: Although it was raining, but we went out.
 Correct: Although it was raining, we went out.

 Incorrect: Neither John or Sam attended.
 Correct: Neither John nor Sam attended.

---

Interactive Practice (अभ्यास)

A. Fill in Correct Conjunctions:

1. She wants to go, ___ she’s afraid. (and/but)
2. ___ you finish your work, you can play. (If/Although)
3. ___ Riya ___ Priya passed the exam. (Neither…or/Neither…nor)

B. Identify Conjunction Types:

1. “We stayed home because it rained.” (Coordinating/Subordinating)
2. “She both sings and dances.” (Correlative/Coordinating)
3. “Work hard, or you’ll fail.” (Coordinating/Subordinating)

C. Translate to Hindi:

1. “Wait here until I come back.”
2. “Not only is he late, but also unprepared.”
3. “You can have either tea or coffee.”

(Answers: A1. but | A2. If | A3. Neither…nor | B1. Subordinating | B2. Correlative | B3. Coordinating | C1. जब तक मैं वापस न आऊँ, यहाँ प्रतीक्षा करो | C2. वह सिर्फ देर से ही नहीं बल्कि अतैयार भी है | C3. आप या तो चाय या कॉफी ले सकते हैं)

---

Advanced Conjunction Concepts

1. Conjunctive Adverbs

Transition words that connect ideas:

• However, it was expensive. (फिर भी)
• Therefore, we left early. (अतः)
• Moreover, it’s unhealthy. (इसके अलावा)

2. Starting Sentences with Conjunctions

While traditionally discouraged, modern usage allows:

• “But I disagree with this.”
• “And then something amazing happened.”

3. Omission of Conjunctions (Asyndeton)

Stylistic omission for effect:

• “I came, I saw, I conquered.”

---

Final Thoughts (निष्कर्ष)

Mastering conjunctions enables you to:

• Write complex, sophisticated sentences
• Express logical relationships clearly
• Make your speech/writing more fluid

Pro Tip: Analyze newspaper articles to see conjunctions in professional use!

#EnglishGrammar #Conjunctions #LearnEnglish #HindiEnglish #WritingSkills

Want a conjunction worksheet or quiz? Comment below!