The Complete Guide to Verbs (क्रिया) in English Grammar

Verb (क्रिया) – The Action Dynamo

Verbs are the powerhouse of any sentence – they express actions, occurrences, or states of being. Without verbs, sentences would be lifeless and incomplete. In Hindi, we call them “क्रिया” because they indicate some “क्रिया” (action) or “स्थिति” (state).

Why Are Verbs Important?

 Give life to sentences – “She runs fast” vs “She fast” (incomplete)
 Show time through tenses (past, present, future)
 Connect subjects to complements
 Form questions and negatives
 Create different moods (commands, possibilities)

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Types of Verbs (क्रिया के प्रकार) with Detailed Examples

1. Action Verbs (सकर्मक क्रिया)

Express physical or mental actions.

Category	English Examples	Hindi Meaning	Usage
Physical Actions	run, jump, write	दौड़ना, कूदना, लिखना	She writes letters daily
Mental Actions	think, believe, know	सोचना, मानना, जानना	I believe in you
Sensory Actions	see, hear, feel	देखना, सुनना, महसूस करना	We heard a loud noise

Special Cases:

• Transitive (require object): “She bought a book”
• Intransitive (no object needed): “He slept early”

2. Linking Verbs (संयोजक क्रिया)

Connect subject to description (no action).

Common Linking Verbs	Hindi Meaning	Example Sentence
be (is, am, are, was)	होना	She is a doctor
seem	लगना	They seem tired
become	बनना	He became famous
appear	प्रतीत होना	The solution appears correct

Identification Tip: Can replace with “=” (She = a doctor)

3. Helping Verbs (सहायक क्रिया)

Support main verbs to show tense/mood.

Type	Examples	Hindi Meaning	Function
Primary	be, do, have	होना, करना, रखना	Forms tenses (is working)
Modal	can, may, must	सकना, सकता है, चाहिए	Show ability/permission
Semi-Modal	need, dare, used to	जरूरत है, हिम्मत करना	Express necessity/habit

Usage Examples:

• I am eating (present continuous)
• She can swim (ability)
• You must try (obligation)

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Verb Forms (क्रिया रूप) – The Five Pillars

Every English verb has 5 forms:

Form	Regular Verb (play)	Irregular Verb (go)	Hindi
Base Form	play	go	खेलना, जाना
Simple Present	plays	goes	खेलता है, जाता है
Simple Past	played	went	खेला, गया
Past Participle	played	gone	खेला हुआ, गया हुआ
Present Participle	playing	going	खेल रहा, जा रहा

Memorization Tip: Learn irregular verbs in groups (sing-sang-sung, ring-rang-rung)

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Practical Verb Examples in Context

Action Verbs in Daily Life

S.No	English Sentence	Hindi Translation
1	Children play in the park.	बच्चे पार्क में खेलते हैं।
2	She solved the puzzle quickly.	उसने पहेली जल्दी हल की।
3	The sun rises in the east.	सूरज पूर्व में उगता है।

Linking Verbs in Use

S.No	English Sentence	Hindi Translation
4	This is my favorite book.	यह मेरी पसंदीदा किताब है।
5	The food smells delicious.	खाना स्वादिष्ट लगता है।
6	He became a successful engineer.	वह एक सफल इंजीनियर बना।

Helping Verbs in Tenses

S.No	English Sentence	Hindi Translation
7	I have finished my work.	मैंने अपना काम खत्म किया है।
8	They were playing football.	वे फुटबॉल खेल रहे थे।
9	You must complete this today.	आपको यह आज पूरा करना चाहिए।

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Common Verb Mistakes (क्रिया में गलतियाँ)

 Incorrect: She go to school daily.
 Correct: She goes to school daily.

 Incorrect: I has two brothers.
 Correct: I have two brothers.

 Incorrect: They are play cricket now.
 Correct: They are playing cricket now.

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Interactive Practice Section (अभ्यास भाग)

A. Identify the Verb Type:

1. “She dances beautifully.” (Action/Linking)
2. “This smells wonderful.” (Linking/Helping)
3. “We must leave now.” (Helping/Action)

B. Fill in Correct Verb Forms:

1. He ___ (go) to office every day.
2. They have ___ (eat) their lunch.
3. She ___ (be) a teacher since 2010.

C. Translate to Hindi:

1. “Birds fly in the sky.”
2. “The baby is sleeping.”
3. “You should apologize.”

(Answers: A1. Action, A2. Linking, A3. Helping | B1. goes, B2. eaten, B3. has been | C1. पक्षी आसमान में उड़ते हैं, C2. बच्चा सो रहा है, C3. आपको माफी माँगनी चाहिए)

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Advanced Verb Concepts (उन्नत क्रिया अवधारणाएँ)

1. Phrasal Verbs (मुहावरेदार क्रियाएँ)

Verb + preposition/adverb with special meaning:

• give up (quit) – हार मानना
• look after (take care) – देखभाल करना
• put off (postpone) – टालना

2. Stative vs Dynamic Verbs

• Stative (states): know, love, belong (जानना, प्यार करना)
• Dynamic (actions): run, eat, write (दौड़ना, खाना)

3. Verb Moods

• Imperative: “Close the door.” (आज्ञा)
• Subjunctive: “I suggest he go now.” (सुझाव)

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Final Thoughts (निष्कर्ष)

Mastering verbs means mastering:

• All tenses (present, past, future)
• Sentence structures (active/passive)
• Expressing nuances (ability, permission, necessity)

Pro Tip: Learn 10 new verbs daily with their forms and usage!

#EnglishGrammar #Verbs #LearnEnglish #HindiEnglish #GrammarMastery

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