The Complete Guide to Adverbs (क्रिया-विशेषण) in English Grammar

Adverb (क्रिया-विशेषण) – The Silent Modifier

Adverbs are the unsung heroes of language that subtly modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs to add precision and depth to our expressions. In Hindi, they’re called “क्रिया-विशेषण” because they “क्रिया की विशेषता बताते हैं” (describe the speciality of actions).

Why Adverbs Matter

 Add nuance: Transform “He speaks” to “He speaks fluently“
 Show frequency: “She always arrives early”
 Indicate degree: “This is extremely important”
 Provide context: “Meet me there tomorrow“
 Create rhythm in poetry and prose

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Types of Adverbs (क्रिया-विशेषण के प्रकार) with Detailed Examples

1. Adverbs of Manner (रीतिवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण)

Describe how an action occurs (often end with -ly)

Category	English Examples	Hindi Examples	Sentence Examples
Speed	quickly, slowly	तेजी से, धीरे-धीरे	She walks gracefully (वह लयबद्ध तरीके से चलती है)
Emotion	happily, angrily	खुशी-खुशी, गुस्से से	They sang cheerfully (वे हर्षित होकर गाए)
Method	carefully, neatly	सावधानी से, सलीके से	Fold neatly (सलीके से मोड़ो)

Formation Tip: Many add “-ly” to adjectives (quick → quickly)

2. Adverbs of Time (कालवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण)

Show when/how long/how often

Sub-Type	Examples	Hindi Examples	Usage
Definite Time	today, at 5pm	आज, शाम 5 बजे	Yesterday it rained (कल बारिश हुई)
Frequency	often, never	अक्सर, कभी नहीं	I rarely eat junk (मैं कभी-कभार जंक खाता हूँ)
Duration	briefly, forever	संक्षेप में, हमेशा	Wait momentarily (क्षण भर प्रतीक्षा करें)

Common Mistakes: “I go since Monday” → “I go from Monday”

3. Adverbs of Place (स्थानवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण)

Indicate where/direction/distance

Type	Examples	Hindi Examples	Example Sentences
Location	here, outside	यहाँ, बाहर	Come inside (अंदर आओ)
Direction	upwards, homewards	ऊपर की ओर, घर की ओर	The balloon floated upwards (ऊपर उड़ा)
Distance	nearby, far	नज़दीक, दूर	Park closeby (पास में पार्क करो)

Special Cases: Some end with “-where” (somewhere, anywhere)

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Adverb Formation Rules (क्रिया-विशेषण बनाने के नियम)

Common Suffixes

Adjective	→ Adverb	Hindi	Rule
quick	quickly	तेज → तेजी से	Add “-ly” to adjectives
happy	happily	खुश → खुशी-खुशी	Change ‘y’ to ‘i’ + -ly
automatic	automatically	स्वचालित → स्वचालित रूप से	Add “-ally” to -ic adjectives

Irregular Adverbs

Adjective	Adverb	Hindi
good	well	अच्छा → अच्छी तरह
fast	fast	तेज → तेज
hard	hard	कठिन → कठिनाई से

Note: Some words like “hard” and “fast” don’t change form

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Adverb Examples in Context

Manner Adverbs

S.No	English Sentence	Hindi Translation
1	The artist painted skillfully.	कलाकार ने कुशलतापूर्वक पेंट किया।
2	He solved the puzzle easily.	उसने पहेली आसानी से हल की।
3	Speak clearly in the meeting.	मीटिंग में स्पष्ट बोलें।

Time Adverbs

S.No	English Sentence	Hindi Translation
4	I’ll call you later.	मैं तुम्हें बाद में फोन करूँगा।
5	She always drinks tea.	वह हमेशा चाय पीती है।
6	We arrived early.	हम जल्दी पहुँच गए।

Place Adverbs

S.No	English Sentence	Hindi Translation
7	Look everywhere.	हर जगह देखो।
8	The cat went downstairs.	बिल्ली नीचे चली गई।
9	They traveled abroad.	वे विदेश घूमने गए।

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Common Adverb Mistakes (सामान्य गलतियाँ)

 Incorrect: She sings beautiful.
 Correct: She sings beautifully.

 Incorrect: I always am on time.
 Correct: I am always on time.

 Incorrect: He runs fastly.
 Correct: He runs fast.

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Interactive Practice (अभ्यास)

A. Identify Adverb Types:

1. “They will meet here tomorrow.” (Place/Time)
2. “She solved it very quickly.” (Manner/Degree)
3. “We often visit museums.” (Frequency/Manner)

B. Fill in Correct Adverbs:

1. The baby slept ___ (peaceful).
2. This task is ___ (extreme) difficult.
3. He looked ___ (up) at the stars.

C. Translate to Hindi:

1. “Drive carefully in rain.”
2. “I rarely eat sweets.”
3. “Put the books there.”

(Answers: A1. Place, A2. Manner, A3. Frequency | B1. peacefully, B2. extremely, B3. up | C1. बारिश में सावधानी से गाड़ी चलाओ, C2. मैं कभी-कभार मिठाई खाता हूँ, C3. किताबें वहाँ रख दो)

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Advanced Adverb Concepts

1. Adverb Clauses

Whole clauses acting as adverbs:

• When the bell rings, we’ll leave. (समय)
• Because it rained, we stayed home. (कारण)

2. Adverbial Phrases

Groups of words without verbs:

• In the morning, we exercise.
• She works with great dedication.

3. Comparative/Superlative Adverbs

• Fast → faster → fastest
• Carefully → more carefully → most carefully

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Final Thoughts (निष्कर्ष)

Master adverbs to:

• Write more vividly
• Speak more precisely
• Understand native speakers better

Pro Tip: Listen for “-ly” words in English songs/movies to build vocabulary!

#EnglishGrammar #Adverbs #LearnEnglish #HindiEnglish #GrammarSkills

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